Recombinant Human Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic (TXNRD1), Truncated

Uniprot Id

Q16881

Target Species

Human

Target Name

TXNRD1

Target Full Name

Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic

Target Function

Isoform 1 may possess glutaredoxin activity as well as thioredoxin reductase activity and induces actin and tubulin polymerization, leading to formation of cell membrane protrusions. Isoform 4 enhances the transcriptional activity of estrogen receptors alpha and beta while isoform 5 enhances the transcriptional activity of the beta receptor only. Isoform 5 also mediates cell death induced by a combination of interferon-beta and retinoic acid.

Target Subcellular Location

Cytoplasm.; [Isoform 4]: Cytoplasm. Nucleus.; [Isoform 5]: Cytoplasm.

Target Protein Families

Class-I pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family

Target Tissue Specificity

Isoform 1 is expressed predominantly in Leydig cells (at protein level). Also expressed in ovary, spleen, heart, liver, kidney and pancreas and in a number of cancer cell lines. Isoform 4 is widely expressed with highest levels in kidney, testis, uterus,

Target Research Area

Cell Biology

Target Synonyms

cytoplasmic; Gene associated with retinoic and IFN-induced mortality 12 protein; Gene associated with retinoic and interferon-induced mortality 12 protein; Gene associated with retinoid IFN induced mortality 12 protein; GRIM 12; GRIM-12; GRIM12; KDRF; KM 102 derived reductase like factor; KM-102-derived reductase-like factor; MGC9145; Oxidoreductase; Thioredoxin reductase 1; Thioredoxin reductase 1 cytoplasmic; Thioredoxin reductase GRIM 12; Thioredoxin reductase TR1; TR 1; TR; TR1; TRXR 1; TRXR1; TRXR1_HUMAN; TXNR; TXNRD 1; Txnrd1

Target Background

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family, and is a member of the thioredoxin (Trx) system. Three thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) isozymes are found in mammals. TrxRs are selenocysteine-containing flavoenzymes, which reduce thioredoxins, as well as other substrates, and play a key role in redox homoeostasis. This gene encodes an ubiquitously expressed, cytosolic form of TrxR, which functions as a homodimer containing FAD, and selenocysteine (Sec) at the active site. Sec is encoded by UGA codon that normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTRs of selenoprotein mRNAs contain a conserved stem-loop structure, the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, which is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop signal. Alternative splicing, primarily at the 5' end, results in transcript variants encoding same or different isoforms, including a glutaredoxin-containing isoform that is predominantly expressed in testis.