Recombinant Human DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G (APOBEC3G)

Uniprot Id

Q9HC16

Target Species

Human

Target Name

APOBEC3G

Target Full Name

DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G

Target Function

DNA deaminase (cytidine deaminase) which acts as an inhibitor of retrovirus replication and retrotransposon mobility via deaminase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Exhibits potent antiviral activity against Vif-deficient HIV-1. After the penetration of retroviral nucleocapsids into target cells of infection and the initiation of reverse transcription, it can induce the conversion of cytosine to uracil in the minus-sense single-strand viral DNA, leading to G-to-A hypermutations in the subsequent plus-strand viral DNA. The resultant detrimental levels of mutations in the proviral genome, along with a deamination-independent mechanism that works prior to the proviral integration, together exert efficient antiretroviral effects in infected target cells. Selectively targets single-stranded DNA and does not deaminate double-stranded DNA or single- or double-stranded RNA. Exhibits antiviral activity also against simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs), hepatitis B virus (HBV), equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), xenotropic MuLV-related virus (XMRV) and simian foamy virus (SFV). May inhibit the mobility of LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons.

Target Subcellular Location

Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Cytoplasm, P-body. Note=Mainly cytoplasmic. Small amount are found in the nucleus. During HIV-1 infection, virion-encapsidated in absence of HIV-1 Vif.

Target Protein Families

Cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase family

Target Tissue Specificity

Expressed in spleen, testes, ovary and peripheral blood leukocytes and CD4+ lymphocytes. Also expressed in non-permissive peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and several tumor cell lines; no expression detected in permissive lymphoid and non-lymphoid cell

Target Research Area

Epigenetics and Nuclear Signaling

Target Synonyms

A3G; ABC3G_HUMAN; APOBEC related cytidine deaminase; APOBEC related protein; APOBEC-related cytidine deaminase; APOBEC-related protein 9; APOBEC-related protein; APOBEC3G; Apolipoprotein B editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide like 3G; Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide 3G; Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide like 3G; Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3G; apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme cytidine deaminase; apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme; catalytic polypeptide-like; ARCD; ARP-9; ARP9 ; bK150C2.7; CEM-15; CEM15; deoxycytidine deaminase; dJ494G10.1; DNA dC dU editing enzyme APOBEC 3G; DNA dC->dU editing enzyme; DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G; EC 3.5.4.; FLJ12740 ; MDS019 ; OTTHUMP00000028911 ; phorbolin-like protein; phorbolin-like protein MDS019

Target Background

This gene is a member of the cytidine deaminase gene family. It is one of seven related genes or pseudogenes found in a cluster, thought to result from gene duplication, on chromosome 22. Members of the cluster encode proteins that are structurally and functionally related to the C to U RNA-editing cytidine deaminase APOBEC1. The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes site-specific deamination of both RNA and single-stranded DNA. The encoded protein has been found to be a specific inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infectivity.