Recombinant Human Phospholipase A2, membrane associated (PLA2G2A)

Uniprot Id

P14555

Target Species

Human

Target Name

PLA2G2A

Target Full Name

Phospholipase A2, membrane associated

Target Function

Secretory calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 that primarily targets extracellular phospholipids with implications in host antimicrobial defense, inflammatory response and tissue regeneration. Hydrolyzes the ester bond of the fatty acyl group attached at sn-2 position of phospholipids (phospholipase A2 activity) with preference for phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylglycerols over phosphatidylcholines. Contributes to lipid remodeling of cellular membranes and generation of lipid mediators involved in pathogen clearance. Displays bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria by directly hydrolyzing phospholipids of the bacterial membrane. Upon sterile inflammation, targets membrane phospholipids of extracellular mitochondria released from activated platelets, generating free unsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonate that is used by neighboring leukocytes to synthesize inflammatory eicosanoids such as leukotrienes. Simultaneously, by compromising mitochondrial membrane integrity, promotes the release in circulation of potent damage-associated molecular pattern molecules that activate the innate immune response. Plays a stem cell regulator role in the intestinal crypt. Within intracellular compartment mediates Paneth cell differentiation and its stem cell supporting functions by inhibiting Wnt signaling pathway in intestinal stem cell (ICS). Secreted in the intestinal lumen upon inflammation, acts in an autocrine way and promotes prostaglandin E2 synthesis that stimulates Wnt signaling pathway in ICS cells and tissue regeneration. May play a role in the biosynthesis of N-acyl ethanolamines that regulate energy metabolism and inflammation. Hydrolyzes N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamines to N-acyl lysophosphatidylethanolamines, which are further cleaved by a lysophospholipase D to release N-acyl ethanolamines. Independent of its catalytic activity, acts as a ligand for integrins. Binds to and activates integrins ITGAV:ITGB3, ITGA4:ITGB1 and ITGA5:ITGB1. Binds to a site (site 2) which is distinct from the classical ligand-binding site (site 1) and induces integrin conformational changes and enhanced ligand binding to site 1. Induces cell proliferation in an integrin-dependent manner.

Target Subcellular Location

Secreted. Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Mitochondrion outer membrane; Peripheral membrane protein.

Target Protein Families

Phospholipase A2 family

Target Tissue Specificity

Expressed in various tissues including heart, kidney, liver, lung, pancreas, placenta, skeletal muscle, prostate, ovary, colon and small intestine. Not detected in lymphoid organs and brain. Expressed in platelets (at protein level).

Target Research Area

Metabolism

Target Synonyms

EC 3.1.1.4; GIIC sPLA2; Group IIA phospholipase A2; membrane associated; Modifier of MIN 1 mouse homolog; MOM1; Non-pancreatic secretory phospholipase A2; NPS PLA2; NPS-PLA2; PA2GA_HUMAN; Phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase 2A; Phosphatidylcholine 2acylhydrolase; Phospholipase A2; Phospholipase A2 group IIA (platelets, synovial fluid); Phospholipase A2 membrane associated; Phospholipase A2 polypeptide B; Phospholipase A2 synovial; PLA2; PLA2B; PLA2G2A; PLA2L; PLA2S; PLAS1; RASF A; sPLA2

Target Background

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the phospholipase A2 family (PLA2). PLA2s constitute a diverse family of enzymes with respect to sequence, function, localization, and divalent cation requirements. This gene product belongs to group II, which contains secreted form of PLA2, an extracellular enzyme that has a low molecular mass and requires calcium ions for catalysis. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of the sn-2 fatty acid acyl ester bond of phosphoglycerides, releasing free fatty acids and lysophospholipids, and thought to participate in the regulation of the phospholipid metabolism in biomembranes. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants with different 5' UTRs have been found for this gene.