Recombinant Human Probable DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3B (APOBEC3B)

Uniprot Id

Q9UH17

Target Species

Human

Target Name

APOBEC3B

Target Full Name

DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3B

Target Function

DNA deaminase (cytidine deaminase) which acts as an inhibitor of retrovirus replication and retrotransposon mobility via deaminase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. After the penetration of retroviral nucleocapsids into target cells of infection and the initiation of reverse transcription, it can induce the conversion of cytosine to uracil in the minus-sense single-strand viral DNA, leading to G-to-A hypermutations in the subsequent plus-strand viral DNA. The resultant detrimental levels of mutations in the proviral genome, along with a deamination-independent mechanism that works prior to the proviral integration, together exert efficient antiretroviral effects in infected target cells. Selectively targets single-stranded DNA and does not deaminate double-stranded DNA or single- or double-stranded RNA. Exhibits antiviral activity against simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and may inhibit the mobility of LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons

Target Subcellular Location

Nucleus.

Target Protein Families

Cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase family

Target Tissue Specificity

Expressed at high and moderate levels in peripheral blood leukocytes, spleen, testes, heart, thymus, prostate and ovary. Also expressed at low levels in several other tissues.

Target Synonyms

APOBEC3BDNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3B; A3B; EC 3.5.4.38; Phorbolin-1-related protein; Phorbolin-2/3

Target Background

This gene is a member of the cytidine deaminase gene family. It is one of seven related genes or pseudogenes found in a cluster, thought to result from gene duplication, on chromosome 22. Members of the cluster encode proteins that are structurally and functionally related to the C to U RNA-editing cytidine deaminase APOBEC1. It is thought that the proteins may be RNA editing enzymes and have roles in growth or cell cycle control. A hybrid gene results from the deletion of approximately 29.5 kb of sequence between this gene, APOBEC3B, and the adjacent gene APOBEC3A. The breakpoints of the deletion are within the two genes, so the deletion allele is predicted to have the promoter and coding region of APOBEC3A, but the 3' UTR of APOBEC3B. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.