Recombinant Human G/T mismatch-specific thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG)

Uniprot Id

Q13569

Target Species

Human

Target Name

TDG

Target Full Name

G/T mismatch-specific thymine DNA glycosylase

Target Function

DNA glycosylase that plays a key role in active DNA demethylation: specifically recognizes and binds 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) in the context of CpG sites and mediates their excision through base-excision repair (BER) to install an unmethylated cytosine. Cannot remove 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). According to an alternative model, involved in DNA demethylation by mediating DNA glycolase activity toward 5-hydroxymethyluracil (5hmU) produced by deamination of 5hmC. Also involved in DNA repair by acting as a thymine-DNA glycosylase that mediates correction of G/T mispairs to G/C pairs: in the DNA of higher eukaryotes, hydrolytic deamination of 5-methylcytosine to thymine leads to the formation of G/T mismatches. Its role in the repair of canonical base damage is however minor compared to its role in DNA demethylation. It is capable of hydrolyzing the carbon-nitrogen bond between the sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA and a mispaired thymine. In addition to the G/T, it can remove thymine also from C/T and T/T mispairs in the order G/T >> C/T > T/T. It has no detectable activity on apyrimidinic sites and does not catalyze the removal of thymine from A/T pairs or from single-stranded DNA. It can also remove uracil and 5-bromouracil from mispairs with guanine.

Target Subcellular Location

Nucleus.

Target Protein Families

Uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) superfamily, TDG/mug family

Target Research Area

Epigenetics and Nuclear Signaling

Target Synonyms

C JUN leucine zipper interactive protein; C JUN leucine zipper interactive protein; C-JUN leucine zipper interactive protein JZA-3; E130317C12Rik; EC 3.2.2.29; G/T mismatch specific thymine DNA glycosylase; G/T mismatch specific thymine DNA glycosylase; G/T mismatch-specific thymine DNA glycosylase; JZA 3; Jza1; T:G mismatch thymine glycosylase; Tdg; TDG_HUMAN; Thymine DNA glycosylase; Thymine-DNA glycosylase

Target Background

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the TDG/mug DNA glycosylase family. Thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG) removes thymine moieties from G/T mismatches by hydrolyzing the carbon-nitrogen bond between the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA and the mispaired thymine. With lower activity, this enzyme also removes thymine from C/T and T/T mispairings. TDG can also remove uracil and 5-bromouracil from mispairings with guanine. This enzyme plays a central role in cellular defense against genetic mutation caused by the spontaneous deamination of 5-methylcytosine and cytosine. This gene may have a pseudogene in the p arm of chromosome 12.