Recombinant human AP-2 complex subunit sigma protein

Uniprot Id

P53680

Target Species

Human

Target Name

AP2S1

Target Full Name

AP-2 complex subunit sigma

Target Function

Component of the adaptor protein complex 2 (AP-2). Adaptor protein complexes function in protein Transport via Transport vesicles in different membrane traffic pathways. Adaptor protein complexes are vesicle coat components and appear to be involved in cargo selection and vesicle formation. AP-2 is involved in clathrin-dependent endocytosis in which cargo proteins are incorporated into vesicles surrounded by clathrin (clathrin-coated vesicles, CCVs) which are destined for fusion with the early endosome. The clathrin lattice serves as a mechanical scaffold but is itself unable to bind directly to membrane components. Clathrin-associated adaptor protein (AP) complexes which can bind directly to both the clathrin lattice and to the lipid and protein components of membranes are considered to be the major clathrin adaptors contributing the CCV formation. AP-2 also serves as a cargo receptor to selectively sort the membrane proteins involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis. AP-2 seems to play a role in the recycling of synaptic vesicle membranes from the presynaptic surface. AP-2 recognizes Y-X-X-[FILMV] (Y-X-X-Phi) and [ED]-X-X-X-L-[LI] endocytosis signal motifs within the cytosolic tails of transmembrane cargo molecules. AP-2 may also play a role in maintaining normal post-endocytic trafficking through the ARF6-regulated, non-clathrin pathway. The AP-2 alpha and AP-2 sigma subunits are thought to contribute to the recognition of the [ED]-X-X-X-L-[LI] motif. May also play a role in extracellular calcium homeostasis.

Target Involvement

Hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, familial 3 (HHC3)

Target Subcellular Location

Cell membrane. Membrane, coated pit; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side.

Target Protein Families

Adaptor complexes small subunit family

Target Research Area

Transport

Target Synonyms

Adapter-related protein complex 2 sigma subunit; Adaptor protein complex AP 2 subunit sigma; Adaptor protein complex AP-2 subunit sigma; Adaptor protein complex AP2 subunit sigma; Adaptor related protein complex 2 sigma 1 subunit; AI043088; AP 17; AP 2 complex subunit sigma 1; AP-2 complex subunit sigma; AP17; AP17 delta; AP2 complex subunit sigma 1; Ap2s1; AP2S1_HUMAN; CLAPS 2; CLAPS2; Clathrin adaptor complex AP2; sigma subunit; Clathrin adaptor protein AP17; Clathrin assembly protein 2 small chain; Clathrin associated/assembly/adaptor protein small 2; Clathrin associated/assembly/adaptor protein small 2; 17-KD; Clathrin associated/assembly/adaptor protein; small 2 (17kD); Clathrin coat assembly protein AP17; Clathrin coat associated protein AP17; Clathrin coat-associated protein AP17; HA2 17 kDa subunit; MGC62945; Plasma membrane adaptor AP 2 17 kDa protein; Plasma membrane adaptor AP-2 17 kDa protein; Plasma membrane adaptor AP2 17 kDa protein; Sigma adaptin 3b; Sigma2 adaptin; Sigma2-adaptin

Target Background

One of two major clathrin-associated adaptor complexes, AP-2, is a heterotetramer which is associated with the plasma membrane. This complex is composed of two large chains, a medium chain, and a small chain. This gene encodes the small chain of this complex. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.