Rabbit anti- SARS-CoV-2 Spike S2 Polyclonal Antibody

Uniprot Id

P0DTC2

Target Species

Human Novel Coronavirus

Target Name

S

Target Full Name

Spike glycoprotein

Target Function

attaches the virion to the cell membrane by interacting with host receptor, initiating the infection. Binding to human ACE2 receptor and internalization of the virus into the endosomes of the host cell induces conformational changes in the Spike glycoprotein. Binding to host NRP1 and NRP2 via C-terminal polybasic sequence enhances virion entry into host cell. This interaction may explain virus tropism of human olfactory epithelium cells, which express high level of NRP1 and NRP2 but low level of ACE2. The stalk domain of S contains three hinges, giving the head unexpected orientational freedom. Uses human TMPRSS2 for priming in human lung cells which is an essential step for viral entry. Can be alternatively processed by host furin. Proteolysis by cathepsin CTSL may unmask the fusion peptide of S2 and activate membranes fusion within endosomes.; mediates fusion of the virion and cellular membranes by acting as a class I viral fusion protein. Under the current model, the protein has at least three conformational states: pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion hairpin state. During viral and target cell membrane fusion, the coiled coil regions (heptad repeats) assume a trimer-of-hairpins structure, positioning the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. The formation of this structure appears to drive apposition and subsequent fusion of viral and target cell membranes.; Acts as a viral fusion peptide which is unmasked following S2 cleavage occurring upon virus endocytosis.; May down-regulate host tetherin (BST2) by lysosomal degradation, thereby counteracting its antiviral activity.

Target Subcellular Location

Virion membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Host endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Host cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.

Target Protein Families

Betacoronaviruses spike protein family

Target Synonyms

spike glycoprotein; SARS-CoV-2 Spike S2

Target Background

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Virus particles include the RNA genetic material and structural proteins needed for invasion of host cells. Once inside the cell the infecting RNA is used to encode structural proteins that make up virus particles, nonstructural proteins that direct virus assembly, transcription, replication and host control and accessory proteins whose function has not been determined.~ The structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 include the envelope protein (E), spike or surface glycoprotein (S), membrane protein (M) and the nucleocapsid protein (N). The spike glycoprotein is found on the outside of the virus particle and gives coronavirus viruses their crown-like appearance. This glycoprotein mediates attachment of the virus particle and entry into the host cell. S protein is an important target for vaccine development, antibody therapies and diagnostic antigen-based tests.