Recombinant Human Haptoglobin (HP)

Uniprot Id

P00738

Target Species

Human

Target Name

HP

Target Full Name

Haptoglobin

Target Function

As a result of hemolysis, hemoglobin is found to accumulate in the kidney and is secreted in the urine. Haptoglobin captures, and combines with free plasma hemoglobin to allow hepatic recycling of heme iron and to prevent kidney damage. Haptoglobin also acts as an antioxidant, has antibacterial activity, and plays a role in modulating many aspects of the acute phase response. Hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes are rapidly cleared by the macrophage CD163 scavenger receptor expressed on the surface of liver Kupfer cells through an endocytic lysosomal degradation pathway.; The uncleaved form of allele alpha-2 (2-2), known as zonulin, plays a role in intestinal permeability, allowing intercellular tight junction disassembly, and controlling the equilibrium between tolerance and immunity to non-self antigens.

Target Involvement

Anhaptoglobinemia (AHP)

Target Subcellular Location

Secreted.

Target Protein Families

Peptidase S1 family

Target Tissue Specificity

Expressed by the liver and secreted in plasma.

Target Research Area

Immunology, Cardiovascular

Target Synonyms

Binding peptide; BP; Haptoglobin alpha chain; Haptoglobin alpha(1S) beta; Haptoglobin alpha(2FS) beta; Haptoglobin beta chain; Haptoglobin, alpha polypeptide; Haptoglobin, beta polypeptide; HP; HP2 ALPHA2; HP2ALPHA2; HPA1S; HPT; HPT_HUMAN; MGC111141; Zonulin

Target Background

This gene encodes a preproprotein, which is processed to yield both alpha and beta chains, which subsequently combine as a tetramer to produce haptoglobin. Haptoglobin functions to bind free plasma hemoglobin, which allows degradative enzymes to gain access to the hemoglobin, while at the same time preventing loss of iron through the kidneys and protecting the kidneys from damage by hemoglobin. Mutations in this gene and/or its regulatory regions cause ahaptoglobinemia or hypohaptoglobinemia. This gene has also been linked to diabetic nephropathy, the incidence of coronary artery disease in type 1 diabetes, Crohn's disease, inflammatory disease behavior, primary sclerosing cholangitis, susceptibility to idiopathic Parkinson's disease, and a reduced incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The protein encoded also exhibits antimicrobial activity against bacteria. A similar duplicated gene is located next to this gene on chromosome 16. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.