Recombinant Human Endonuclease G, mitochondrial (ENDOG)

Uniprot Id

Q14249

Target Species

Human

Target Name

ENDOG

Target Full Name

Endonuclease G, mitochondrial

Target Function

Endonuclease that preferentially catalyzes the cleavage of double-stranded 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC)-modified DNA. The 5hmC-modified nucleotide does not increase the binding affinity, but instead increases the efficiency of cutting and specifies the site of cleavage for the modified DNAs. Shows significantly higher affinity for four-stranded Holliday junction over duplex and single-stranded DNAs. Promotes conservative recombination when the DNA is 5hmC-modified. Promotes autophagy through the suppression of mTOR by its phosphorylation-mediated interaction with YWHAG and its endonuclease activity-mediated DNA damage response. GSK3-beta mediated phosphorylation of ENDOG enhances its interaction with YWHAG, leading to the release of TSC2 and PIK3C3 from YWHAG resulting in mTOR pathway suppression and autophagy initiation. Promotes cleavage of mtDNA in response to oxidative and nitrosative stress, in turn inducing compensatory mtDNA replication.

Target Subcellular Location

Mitochondrion.

Target Protein Families

DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease family

Target Synonyms

ENDOG; Endonuclease G; mitochondrial; Endo G; EC 3.1.30.-

Target Background

The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear encoded endonuclease that is localized in the mitochondrion. The encoded protein is widely distributed among animals and cleaves DNA at GC tracts. This protein is capable of generating the RNA primers required by DNA polymerase gamma to initiate replication of mitochondrial DNA.