Rabbit anti-Human PADI4 Polyclonal Antibody

Uniprot Id

Q9UM07

Target Species

Human

Target Name

PADI4

Target Full Name

Protein-arginine deiminase type-4

Target Function

Catalyzes the citrullination/deimination of arginine residues of proteins such as histones, thereby playing a key role in histone code and regulation of stem cell maintenance. Citrullinates histone H1 at 'Arg-54' (to form H1R54ci), histone H3 at 'Arg-2', 'Arg-8', 'Arg-17' and/or 'Arg-26' (to form H3R2ci, H3R8ci, H3R17ci, H3R26ci, respectively) and histone H4 at 'Arg-3' (to form H4R3ci). Acts as a key regulator of stem cell maintenance by mediating citrullination of histone H1: citrullination of 'Arg-54' of histone H1 (H1R54ci) results in H1 displacement from chromatin and global chromatin decondensation, thereby promoting pluripotency and stem cell maintenance. Promotes profound chromatin decondensation during the innate immune response to infection in neutrophils by mediating formation of H1R54ci. Required for the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs); NETs are mainly composed of DNA fibers and are released by neutrophils to bind pathogens during inflammation. Citrullination of histone H3 prevents their methylation by CARM1 and HRMT1L2/PRMT1 and represses transcription. Citrullinates EP300/P300 at 'Arg-2142', which favors its interaction with NCOA2/GRIP1.

Target Involvement

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Target Subcellular Location

Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Cytoplasmic granule.

Target Protein Families

Protein arginine deiminase family

Target Tissue Specificity

Expressed in eosinophils and neutrophils, not expressed in peripheral monocytes or lymphocytes.

Target Research Area

Epigenetics and Nuclear Signaling

Target Synonyms

EC 3.5.3.15; HL 60 PAD; HL-60 PAD; PAD 4; PAD; PADI 4; PADI 5; PADI H protein; Padi4; PADI4_HUMAN; PADI5; PDI 4; PDI 5; PDI4; PDI5; Peptidyl arginine deiminase type IV; Peptidyl arginine deiminase type V; Peptidylarginine deiminase IV; Protein arginine deiminase; Protein arginine deiminase type 4; Protein arginine deiminase type IV; Protein-arginine deiminase type IV; Protein-arginine deiminase type-4

Target Background

This gene is a member of a gene family which encodes enzymes responsible for the conversion of arginine residues to citrulline residues. This gene may play a role in granulocyte and macrophage development leading to inflammation and immune response.