Rabbit anti-Human PCK1 Polyclonal Antibody

Uniprot Id

P35558

Target Species

Human

Target Name

PCK1

Target Full Name

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic [GTP]

Target Function

Cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase that catalyzes the reversible decarboxylation and phosphorylation of oxaloacetate (OAA) and acts as the rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis. Regulates cataplerosis and anaplerosis, the processes that control the levels of metabolic intermediates in the citric acid cycle. At low glucose levels, it catalyzes the cataplerotic conversion of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), the rate-limiting step in the metabolic pathway that produces glucose from lactate and other precursors derived from the citric acid cycle. At high glucose levels, it catalyzes the anaplerotic conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to oxaloacetate. Acts as a regulator of formation and maintenance of memory CD8(+) T-cells: up-regulated in these cells, where it generates phosphoenolpyruvate, via gluconeogenesis. The resultant phosphoenolpyruvate flows to glycogen and pentose phosphate pathway, which is essential for memory CD8(+) T-cells homeostasis. In addition to the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity, also acts as a protein kinase when phosphorylated at Ser-90: phosphorylation at Ser-90 by AKT1 reduces the binding affinity to oxaloacetate and promotes an atypical serine protein kinase activity using GTP as donor. The protein kinase activity regulates lipogenesis: upon phosphorylation at Ser-90, translocates to the endoplasmic reticulum and catalyzes phosphorylation of INSIG proteins (INSIG1 and INSIG2), thereby disrupting the interaction between INSIG proteins and SCAP and promoting nuclear translocation of SREBP proteins (SREBF1/SREBP1 or SREBF2/SREBP2) and subsequent transcription of downstream lipogenesis-related genes.

Target Involvement

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency, cytosolic (PCKDC)

Target Subcellular Location

Cytoplasm, cytosol. Endoplasmic reticulum.

Target Protein Families

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [GTP] family

Target Tissue Specificity

Major sites of expression are liver, kidney and adipocytes.

Target Research Area

Metabolism

Target Synonyms

cytosolic [GTP]; GTP; PCK1; PCKGC_HUMAN; PEP carboxykinase; PEPCK-C; PEPCK1; PEPCKC; Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (soluble); Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1; Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic [GTP]; Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic; Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; Phosphopyruvate carboxylase

Target Background

This gene is a main control point for the regulation of gluconeogenesis. The cytosolic enzyme encoded by this gene, along with GTP, catalyzes the formation of phosphoenolpyruvate from oxaloacetate, with the release of carbon dioxide and GDP. The expression of this gene can be regulated by insulin, glucocorticoids, glucagon, cAMP, and diet. Defects in this gene are a cause of cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency. A mitochondrial isozyme of the encoded protein also has been characterized.