Rabbit anti-Human Rig-I/DDX58 Monoclonal Antibody

Uniprot Id

O95786

Target Species

Human

Target Name

RIGI

Target Full Name

Antiviral innate immune response receptor RIG-I

Target Function

Innate immune receptor that senses cytoplasmic viral nucleic acids and activates a downstream signaling cascade leading to the production of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. Forms a ribonucleoprotein complex with viral RNAs on which it homooligomerizes to form filaments. The homooligomerization allows the recruitment of RNF135 an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that activates and amplifies the RIG-I-mediated antiviral signaling in an RNA length-dependent manner through ubiquitination-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Upon activation, associates with mitochondria antiviral signaling protein (MAVS/IPS1) that activates the IKK-related kinases TBK1 and IKBKE which in turn phosphorylate the interferon regulatory factors IRF3 and IRF7, activating transcription of antiviral immunological genes including the IFN-alpha and IFN-beta interferons. Ligands include 5'-triphosphorylated ssRNAs and dsRNAs but also short dsRNAs (<1 kb in length). In addition to the 5'-triphosphate moiety, blunt-end base pairing at the 5'-end of the RNA is very essential. Overhangs at the non-triphosphorylated end of the dsRNA RNA have no major impact on its activity. A 3'overhang at the 5'triphosphate end decreases and any 5'overhang at the 5' triphosphate end abolishes its activity. Detects both positive and negative strand RNA viruses including members of the families Paramyxoviridae: Human respiratory syncytial virus and measles virus (MeV), Rhabdoviridae: vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), Orthomyxoviridae: influenza A and B virus, Flaviviridae: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), dengue virus (DENV) and west Nile virus (WNV). It also detects rotaviruses and reoviruses. Detects and binds to SARS-CoV-2 RNAs which is inhibited by m6A RNA modifications (Ref.63). Also involved in antiviral signaling in response to viruses containing a dsDNA genome such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Detects dsRNA produced from non-self dsDNA by RNA polymerase III, such as Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNAs (EBERs). May play important roles in granulocyte production and differentiation, bacterial phagocytosis and in the regulation of cell migration.

Target Involvement

Singleton-Merten syndrome 2 (SGMRT2)

Target Subcellular Location

Cytoplasm. Cell projection, ruffle membrane. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. Cell junction, tight junction. Note=Colocalized with TRIM25 at cytoplasmic perinuclear bodies. Associated with the actin cytoskeleton at membrane ruffles.

Target Protein Families

Helicase family, RLR subfamily

Target Tissue Specificity

Present in vascular smooth cells (at protein level).

Target Research Area

Immunology

Target Synonyms

Ddx58; DDX58_HUMAN; DEAD (Asp Glu Ala Asp) box polypeptide 58; DEAD (Asp Glu Ala Asp/His) box polypeptide ; DEAD box protein 58; DEAD/H (Asp Glu Ala Asp/His) box polypeptide RIG1; DKFZp434J1111; DKFZp686N19181; FLJ13599; Probable ATP dependent RNA helicase DDX58; Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX58; Retinoic acid inducible gene 1 protein; Retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 protein; Retinoic acid-inducible gene I protein; RIG I; Rig-1; RIG-I; RIG1; rigi; RLR 1; RNA helicase; RNA helicase RIG I; SGMRT2

Target Background

DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases which are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving RNA binding and alteration of RNA secondary structure. This gene encodes a protein containing RNA helicase-DEAD box protein motifs and a caspase recruitment domain (CARD). It is involved in viral double-stranded (ds) RNA recognition and the regulation of the antiviral innate immune response. Mutations in this gene are associated with Singleton-Merten syndrome 2.