Rabbit anti-Mouse S100a9 Polyclonal Antibody

Uniprot Id

P31725

Target Species

Mouse

Target Name

S100A9

Target Full Name

Protein S100-A9

Target Function

S100A9 is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response. It can induce neutrophil chemotaxis, adhesion, can increase the bactericidal activity of neutrophils by promoting phagocytosis via activation of SYK, PI3K/AKT, and ERK1/2 and can induce degranulation of neutrophils by a MAPK-dependent mechanism. Predominantly found as calprotectin (S100A8/A9) which has a wide plethora of intra- and extracellular functions. The intracellular functions include: facilitating leukocyte arachidonic acid trafficking and metabolism, modulation of the tubulin-dependent cytoskeleton during migration of phagocytes and activation of the neutrophilic NADPH-oxidase. Activates NADPH-oxidase by facilitating the enzyme complex assembly at the cell membrane, transferring arachidonic acid, an essential cofactor, to the enzyme complex and S100A8 contributes to the enzyme assembly by directly binding to NCF2/P67PHOX. The extracellular functions involve proinflammatory, antimicrobial, oxidant-scavenging and apoptosis-inducing activities. Its proinflammatory activity includes recruitment of leukocytes, promotion of cytokine and chemokine production, and regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration. Acts as an alarmin or a danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule and stimulates innate immune cells via binding to pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER). Binding to TLR4 and AGER activates the MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways resulting in the amplification of the proinflammatory cascade. Has antimicrobial activity towards bacteria and fungi and exerts its antimicrobial activity probably via chelation of Zn(2+) which is essential for microbial growth. Can induce cell death via autophagy and apoptosis and this occurs through the cross-talk of mitochondria and lysosomes via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the process involves BNIP3. Can regulate neutrophil number and apoptosis by an anti-apoptotic effect; regulates cell survival via ITGAM/ITGB and TLR4 and a signaling mechanism involving MEK-ERK. Its role as an oxidant scavenger has a protective role in preventing exaggerated tissue damage by scavenging oxidants. The iNOS-S100A8/A9 transnitrosylase complex is proposed to direct selective inflammatory stimulus-dependent S-nitrosylation of multiple targets such as GAPDH, NXA5, EZR, MSN and VIM by recognizing a [IL]-x-C-x-x-[DE] motif.

Target Subcellular Location

Secreted. Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein.

Target Protein Families

S-100 family

Target Synonyms

p14; Cagb; GAGB; L1Ag; BEE22; MRP14; 60B8Ag

Target Background

Predicted to enable calcium ion binding activity and calcium-dependent protein binding activity. Involved in peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation; positive regulation of blood coagulation; and regulation of translation. Acts upstream of or within several processes, including actin cytoskeleton reorganization; astrocyte development; and regulation of integrin biosynthetic process. Predicted to be located in cell junction; cytosol; and nucleoplasm. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm; extracellular space; and nucleus. Is expressed in several structures, including jaw; liver; otic capsule; skeleton; and spleen red pulp. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in myocarditis. Orthologous to human S100A9 (S100 calcium binding protein A9).