Recombinant Human C-C motif chemokine 5 (CCL5)

Uniprot Id

P13501

Target Species

Human

Target Name

CCL5

Target Full Name

C-C motif chemokine 5

Target Function

Chemoattractant for blood monocytes, memory T-helper cells and eosinophils. Causes the release of histamine from basophils and activates eosinophils. May activate several chemokine receptors including CCR1, CCR3, CCR4 and CCR5. One of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T-cells. Recombinant RANTES protein induces a dose-dependent inhibition of different strains of HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). The processed form RANTES(3-68) acts as a natural chemotaxis inhibitor and is a more potent inhibitor of HIV-1-infection. The second processed form RANTES(4-68) exhibits reduced chemotactic and HIV-suppressive activity compared with RANTES(1-68) and RANTES(3-68) and is generated by an unidentified enzyme associated with monocytes and neutrophils. May also be an agonist of the G protein-coupled receptor GPR75, stimulating inositol trisphosphate production and calcium mobilization through its activation. Together with GPR75, may play a role in neuron survival through activation of a downstream signaling pathway involving the PI3, Akt and MAP kinases. By activating GPR75 may also play a role in insulin secretion by islet cells.

Target Subcellular Location

Secreted.

Target Protein Families

Intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family

Target Tissue Specificity

Expressed in the follicular fluid (at protein level). T-cell and macrophage specific.

Target Research Area

Immunology, Cardiovascular

Target Synonyms

Beta chemokine RANTES; Beta chemokine RANTES precursor; C C motif chemokine 5; CCL 5; CCL5; CCL5_HUMAN; Chemokine (C C motif) ligand 5; Chemokine CC Motif Ligand 5; D17S136E; EoCP; Eosinophil chemotactic cytokine; MGC17164; RANTES(4-68); Regulated upon activation normally T expressed and presumably secreted; SCYA 5; SCYA5; SIS delta; SIS-delta; SISd; Small inducible cytokine A5 (RANTES); Small inducible cytokine A5; Small inducible cytokine subfamily A (Cys Cys) member 5; Small-inducible cytokine A5; T cell specific protein p288; T cell specific protein RANTES; T cell specific RANTES protein; T cell-specific protein P228; T-cell-specific protein RANTES; TCP 228; TCP228

Target Background

This gene is one of several chemokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Chemokines form a superfamily of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The superfamily is divided into four subfamilies based on the arrangement of the N-terminal cysteine residues of the mature peptide. This chemokine, a member of the CC subfamily, functions as a chemoattractant for blood monocytes, memory T helper cells and eosinophils. It causes the release of histamine from basophils and activates eosinophils. This cytokine is one of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ cells. It functions as one of the natural ligands for the chemokine receptor chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5), and it suppresses in vitro replication of the R5 strains of HIV-1, which use CCR5 as a coreceptor. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different isoforms.