Recombinant Human Cytosolic phospholipase A2 (PLA2G4A)

Uniprot Id

P47712

Target Species

Human

Target Name

PLA2G4A

Target Full Name

Cytosolic phospholipase A2

Target Function

Has primarily calcium-dependent phospholipase and lysophospholipase activities, with a major role in membrane lipid remodeling and biosynthesis of lipid mediators of the inflammatory response. Plays an important role in embryo implantation and parturition through its ability to trigger prostanoid production. Preferentially hydrolyzes the ester bond of the fatty acyl group attached at sn-2 position of phospholipids (phospholipase A2 activity). Selectively hydrolyzes sn-2 arachidonoyl group from membrane phospholipids, providing the precursor for eicosanoid biosynthesis via the cyclooxygenase pathway. In an alternative pathway of eicosanoid biosynthesis, hydrolyzes sn-2 fatty acyl chain of eicosanoid lysophopholipids to release free bioactive eicosanoids. Hydrolyzes the ester bond of the fatty acyl group attached at sn-1 position of phospholipids (phospholipase A1 activity) only if an ether linkage rather than an ester linkage is present at the sn-2 position. This hydrolysis is not stereospecific. Has calcium-independent phospholipase A2 and lysophospholipase activities in the presence of phosphoinositides. Has O-acyltransferase activity. Catalyzes the transfer of fatty acyl chains from phospholipids to a primary hydroxyl group of glycerol (sn-1 or sn-3), potentially contributing to monoacylglycerol synthesis.

Target Involvement

PLA2G4A mutations resulting in phospholipase A2 deficiency have been found in a patient affected by recurrent episodes of multiple complicated ulcers of the small intestine, not due to cyclooxygenase inhibitors use. Disease features also include platelet dysfunction, and globally decreased eicosanoid synthesis (PubMed:18451993).

Target Subcellular Location

Cytoplasm. Golgi apparatus membrane. Nucleus envelope.

Target Tissue Specificity

Expressed in various cells and tissues such as macrophages, neutrophils, fibroblasts and lung endothelium. Expressed in platelets (at protein level).

Target Synonyms

Calcium dependent phospholipid binding protein; CPLA 2; cPLA2 alpha; cPLA2; Cytosolic phospholipase A2; Cytosolic phospholipase A2 group IVA; Lysophospholipase; MGC126350; PA24A_HUMAN; Phosphatidylcholine 2 acylhydrolase; Phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase; Phospholipase A2 group 4 A; Phospholipase A2 group IVA (cytosolic calcium dependent); Phospholipase A2 group IVA; PhospholipaseA2; PLA2G4; pla2g4a

Target Background

This gene encodes a member of the cytosolic phospholipase A2 group IV family. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids to release arachidonic acid which is subsequently metabolized into eicosanoids. Eicosanoids, including prostaglandins and leukotrienes, are lipid-based cellular hormones that regulate hemodynamics, inflammatory responses, and other intracellular pathways. The hydrolysis reaction also produces lysophospholipids that are converted into platelet-activating factor. The enzyme is activated by increased intracellular Ca(2+) levels and phosphorylation, resulting in its translocation from the cytosol and nucleus to perinuclear membrane vesicles. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.