Recombinant Human Insulin (INS)

Uniprot Id

P01308

Target Species

Human

Target Name

INS

Target Full Name

Insulin

Target Function

Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver.

Target Involvement

Hyperproinsulinemia (HPRI); Diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent, 2 (IDDM2); Diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal (PNDM); Maturity-onset diabetes of the young 10 (MODY10)

Target Subcellular Location

Secreted.

Target Protein Families

Insulin family

Target Synonyms

IDDM; ILPR; IRDN; IDDM1; IDDM2; PNDM4; MODY10; Insulin

Target Background

This gene encodes insulin, a peptide hormone that plays a vital role in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. After removal of the precursor signal peptide, proinsulin is post-translationally cleaved into three peptides: the B chain and A chain peptides, which are covalently linked via two disulfide bonds to form insulin, and C-peptide. Binding of insulin to the insulin receptor (INSR) stimulates glucose uptake. A multitude of mutant alleles with phenotypic effects have been identified, including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal diabetes diabetes mellitus, maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 10 and hyperproinsulinemia. There is a read-through gene, INS-IGF2, which overlaps with this gene at the 5' region and with the IGF2 gene at the 3' region.