Recombinant Human Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (RIPK3)

Uniprot Id

Q9Y572

Target Species

Human

Target Name

RIPK3

Target Full Name

Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3

Target Function

Serine/threonine-protein kinase that activates necroptosis and apoptosis, two parallel forms of cell death. Necroptosis, a programmed cell death process in response to death-inducing TNF-alpha family members, is triggered by RIPK3 following activation by ZBP1. Activated RIPK3 forms a necrosis-inducing complex and mediates phosphorylation of MLKL, promoting MLKL localization to the plasma membrane and execution of programmed necrosis characterized by calcium influx and plasma membrane damage. In addition to TNF-induced necroptosis, necroptosis can also take place in the nucleus in response to orthomyxoviruses infection: following ZBP1 activation, which senses double-stranded Z-RNA structures, nuclear RIPK3 catalyzes phosphorylation and activation of MLKL, promoting disruption of the nuclear envelope and leakage of cellular DNA into the cytosol. Also regulates apoptosis: apoptosis depends on RIPK1, FADD and CASP8, and is independent of MLKL and RIPK3 kinase activity. Phosphorylates RIPK1: RIPK1 and RIPK3 undergo reciprocal auto- and trans-phosphorylation. In some cell types, also able to restrict viral replication by promoting cell death-independent responses. In response to Zika virus infection in neurons, promotes a cell death-independent pathway that restricts viral replication: together with ZBP1, promotes a death-independent transcriptional program that modifies the cellular metabolism via up-regulation expression of the enzyme ACOD1/IRG1 and production of the metabolite itaconate. Itaconate inhibits the activity of succinate dehydrogenase, generating a metabolic state in neurons that suppresses replication of viral genomes. RIPK3 binds to and enhances the activity of three metabolic enzymes: GLUL, GLUD1, and PYGL. These metabolic enzymes may eventually stimulate the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, which could result in enhanced ROS production.; (Microbial infection) In case of herpes simplex virus 1/HHV-1 infection, forms heteromeric amyloid structures with HHV-1 protein RIR1/ICP6 which may inhibit RIPK3-mediated necroptosis, thereby preventing host cell death pathway and allowing viral evasion.

Target Subcellular Location

Cytoplasm, cytosol. Nucleus.

Target Protein Families

Protein kinase superfamily, TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family

Target Tissue Specificity

Highly expressed in the pancreas. Detected at lower levels in heart, placenta, lung and kidney.; [Isoform 3]: Expression is significantly increased in colon and lung cancers.

Target Research Area

Cell Biology

Target Synonyms

Receptor interacting protein 3; Receptor interacting serine threonine kinase 3; Receptor interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 3; Receptor-interacting protein 3; Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3; RIP 3; RIP like protein kinase 3; RIP-3; RIP-like protein kinase 3; RIPK 3; RIPK3; RIPK3_HUMAN

Target Background

The product of this gene is a member of the receptor-interacting protein (RIP) family of serine/threonine protein kinases, and contains a C-terminal domain unique from other RIP family members. The encoded protein is predominantly localized to the cytoplasm, and can undergo nucleocytoplasmic shuttling dependent on novel nuclear localization and export signals. It is a component of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-I signaling complex, and can induce apoptosis and weakly activate the NF-kappaB transcription factor.